During the winter season, freshwater bass, particularly largemouth bass, exhibit behaviors that are largely influenced by the colder water temperatures. Their metabolism slows down due to the cold, which means they don't feed as frequently as they do in warmer months. In the wintertime, bass may only eat once every 7 to 10 days, compared to the summertime when they might feed 7 to 10 times per day.
Bass tend to seek out areas in the lake where the water temperature is more stable and where there is a higher concentration of oxygen. This often leads them to deeper parts of the lake. The term "deep" can be relative, but generally, it refers to water that is deeper than 20 feet. Bass will typically congregate around structures such as points, ridges, humps, drop-offs, and river channels where there is a change in the contour of the lake bottom. These areas provide the bass with opportunities to ambush prey with minimal effort.
Additionally, baitfish behavior during winter also influences bass location. Baitfish, like shad, may move into deeper water or seek the warmest parts of the lake, and as the water gets colder, there can be significant die-offs of these baitfish. Bass will follow the baitfish, so finding areas where baitfish are concentrated can be key to locating bass.
It's also worth noting that while many bass go deep, there can be resident bass that remain shallow throughout the winter. These fish may not be as active or feeding on the typical forage like shad, but they can still be caught, especially if there's a slight warming trend or if they're foraging for other food sources like crawdads.
When fishing for bass in the winter, it's important to adjust your tactics to their slower metabolism and reduced feeding activity. Slow-moving baits and techniques that can keep your offering in the strike zone longer are often more effective. Remember, the colder the water, the more lethargic the bass will be, so patience and perseverance are key during the winter months.